Caesarean Section: A modern approach to childbirth

In recent years, caesarean section has become a common method of childbirth, offering a safe and effective alternative to traditional vaginal delivery.

What is a caesarean section?

Also known as a C-section, this surgical procedure involves the delivery of a baby through a cut in the mother’s tummy and womb. 

What kinds of caesarean sections are there?

A caesarean section may be planned (elective caesarean section), or unplanned (emergency caesarean sections):

• In a planned (elective) caesarean section, you and your doctor’s team decide before labour  that you will be having a caesarean section. You don’t go into labour, and the section is usually performed at 39 weeks, in order to do it before labour pains begin spontaneously. This means you will know the date of your baby’s birth in advance.

• All other caesarean sections are considered emergency caesarean sections.It is often performed after labour pain has begun, in the first or second stage of labour, because it is felt to be the safest delivery option for you and your baby.

When would I need a C-section?

A planned C-section happens when any of the following conditions exist:

• Your baby is in a breech position (not head down)

• The placenta is in a low position, blocking the baby’s way out (placenta praevia).

• There are tumours that block the baby’s path.

• You are expecting twins or multiples.

• Previous caesarean section

• Your pelvis is too narrow for a vaginal delivery

• The baby is lying sideways (transverse lie).

• Health conditions like heart disease, genital herpes 

An emergency caesarean section may be necessary if:

• Labour pain is not progressing well.

• Signs that the baby is experiencing difficulty.

• You have uncontrolled high blood pressure

• Umbilical cord around the neck of the baby, which can affect the baby’s supply of oxygen and nutrients

• There is a separation of the placenta from the womb (placental abruption).

What actually happens during a caesarean section procedure?

During a caesarian section, the expectant mother is given anaesthesia to numb the lower part of her body, allowing her to remain awake during the surgery. The surgeon makes a cut in the tummy and womb, providing access to safely deliver the baby. The cut may be horizontal or vertical, depending on the situation.The baby is carefully guided out of the womb, and the umbilical cord is clamped and cut. The surgeon then closes the wound with stitches or staples.

What is the recovery process after a caesarean section?

After the caesarean section, you will spend some time in a recovery room to make sure you are stable. The hospital stay is usually around 2-4 days. It is normal to feel some pain and discomfort, but your doctor will give you pain medication. To help with healing, you should rest, avoid heavy lifting, and keep the wound clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions for wound care and postoperative check-ups.

What are the risks involved in a caesarean section?

These might include:

• Infection.

• Loss of blood (haemorrhage).

• A blood clot that may break off and enter your blood (embolism).

• Injury to the gut or urinary organs.

• A cut that might weaken the uterine wall.

• Abnormalities of the placenta in future pregnancies.

• Risks from general anaesthesia.

• Injury to the baby

Conclusion:

Caesarean section is a safe and effective way to deliver a baby. Understanding the procedure, recovery process, and associated considerations is important for expectant mothers. By discussing options with healthcare providers and being well-informed, women can make informed decisions that prioritise their health and the best outcome for their babies.

Remember, every pregnancy is unique, and it’s essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine the most suitable birthing method for your individual circumstances.